Laser shock forming method and device for straight-wall cylindrical parts

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser shock forming method and device for a straight-wall cylindrical part, and belongs to the field of plastic processing of near-net forming of metal parts. The method adopts a laser shock technology to carry out two-step forming on a thin plate so as to obtain a high-precision formed part and comprises the two steps that firstly, a laser with high pulse energy is used for inducing shock waves with high pressure to carry out impact on the thin plate so that the thin plate can be subjected to primary integral forming, but in the forming process, the thin plate is attached to the side wall of a die, in addition, the thin plate with extremely high deformation speed further collides with the bottom of a die cavity fiercely so that the bottom of the primary formed part can generate local reverse plastic deformation, and therefore the forming precision can be reduced; and secondly, a laser with low pulse energy is used for inducing shock waves with lower pressure to carry out impact on a reverse plastic deformation area at the bottom of the primary formed part so as to eliminate the reverse plastic deformation at the bottom of the primary formed part in the first step, and correction setting is carried out on the primary formed part so that the forming precision of the straight-wall cylindrical part can be greatly improved. According to the method, the laser shock forming precision of the thin plate can be greatly improved, and the method has wide practicability.

Description

Technical field: [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of near-net-shaping plastic processing of mechanical parts, and in particular relates to a laser shock forming method and device for straight-wall cylindrical parts. The invention is particularly suitable for precision forming of tiny straight-wall components. Background technique: [0002] Laser shock forming technology is a sheet metal forming technology that uses laser-induced high-voltage shock waves. It has potential application values ​​in aerospace, automobiles, toys, electronics, micro-electro-mechanical systems and other fields, for example, the forming of micro-shaped components in micro-electro-mechanical systems . Due to the good controllability and repeatability of laser pulse parameters, laser shock forming technology has attracted more and more attention. [0003] According to whether a mold is used in sheet metal forming, laser shock forming can be divided into two types: model laser shock ...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

This invention mainly solves the problem of cracking and failure in the forming process, but the ring-shaped spot will not only cause the optical path inside the laser to be extremely complicated, but also it is difficult to have a good coaxiality between the outer circle and the inner circle of the ring-shaped spot, so that the induced shock wave The irregular pressure field will lead to inconsistent deformation of the thin plate after being loaded, and the forming accuracy of the thin plate is poor

More importantly, limited by the output energy of the laser pulse, the inner diameter of the annular spot will be very small, and there is still a problem of forming accuracy in the forming process of a single solid spot in the impact forming process.

Therefore, the main problem of laser shock forming is the accuracy of thin plate forming. The existing technology cannot solve it well, which restricts the application and promotion of this technology.

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