'Three-selection, two-advancing and one-promotion' apple breeding method

Abstract

The invention discloses a 'three-selection, two-advancing and one-promotion' apple breeding method. The apple breeding method provided by the invention comprises the following steps of: (1) pollinating a castrated apple variety with excellent comprehensive characters by pollen of Xinjiang red-pulp apples, to obtain hybrid seeds; (2) stacking the hybrid seeds, and then sowing in a greenhouse for growing seedlings after breaking dormancy; (3) transplanting the seedlings to a big field, and selecting red-pulp and crisp-pulp seedlings from the seedlings at an early stage of apples; (4) respectively pollinating the castrated apple varieties with excellent comprehensive characters by pollen of each red-pulp and crisp-pulp seedling, to obtain backcross seeds; (5) stacking the backcross seeds, sowing in a greenhouse for growing seedlings after breaking dormancy, and weeding out individual plants with green leaves and reserving individual plants with red leaves at a seedling stage; and (6) transplanting the individual plants of the seedlings to the big field. Three new varieties have been selected from 2006 to 2013. At least 20-30 years are needed if a traditional method is used.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to an apple breeding method of "three selections, two early ones and one promotion". Background technique [0002] Genetic diversity is not only an important barrier to maintain ecological security, but also the material basis for the sustainable development of modern agriculture. The survey results show that, in the past few decades, more than 1,000 apple varieties bred at home and abroad, 80% are the hybrid, seed or bud-selected offspring of 'Jinshuai', 'Marshal' and 'Guoguang' varieties. It often leads to problems such as narrow genetic basis of varieties, increased genetic vulnerability, and decreased adaptability and stress resistance. At the same time, the excessive pursuit of yield and appearance traits in production has caused many other excellent traits to be eliminated in the long river of history. In recent years, consumers' demand for safe and characteristic agricultural products has made multi-resistant and diverse ...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0005] Xinjiang red flesh apple (Malus sieversii f.neidzwetzkyana (Dieck) Langenf) is a variant of Xinjiang wild apple. It has strong drought resistance and earlier fruiting age. Its branches, leaves, flowers, peel and flesh are all red and rich in anthocyanins. , has high ornamental and medical care value, but its pulp is easy to soften and become soft, so it needs to be further improved

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