River and lake bottom sludge pollutant flux test method and device based on diffusion theory

Abstract

The invention discloses a river and lake bottom sludge pollutant flux test method and a river and a device based on a diffusion theory. The method comprises the following steps of: A, acquiring a bottom sludge sample; B, putting the bottom sludge into a base of an experimental device, and enabling the sludge surface to be horizontal; C, slowly injecting water to a column port along a column wall; D, injecting running water into the experimental device without the bottom sludge; E, standing for a certain time; F, measuring the pollutant concentration of the taken water sample; G, calculating a degrading coefficient of the pollutant in the water; H, calculating an initial concentration value of the bottom sludge water; and I, calculating a pollutant exchange flux of a water-sludge interface. A base plate is fixed at the bottom of a constant-temperature water tank; a base wall is arranged on the base plate; a lower flange disk is arranged on the upper part of the base wall; an upper flange disk is arranged at one end of a column body; and an upper flange disk fixing bolt flange hole is formed in the upper flange disk. The method is feasible, and is convenient to operate; the experimental device has a rational and simple structure; operations of accommodating deposits, sampling water samples and the like are extremely convenient; and outstanding economic benefit is achieved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of water environment monitoring, more specifically to a method for testing pollutant fluxes of river and lake sediments based on diffusion theory, and also relates to an experimental device suitable for the test method. Background technique [0002] Pollutants enter rivers and lakes through atmospheric deposition, wastewater discharge, rainwater leaching and scouring, etc. A considerable part of them is deposited in the bottom mud and gradually enriched. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and various priority organic pollutants is often one to several orders of magnitude higher than the background value, and has become an important accumulation pool of pollutants. Pollutants are not simply accumulated in the sediment, but will affect the quality of the water environment through a series of physical and biochemical processes. Especially when the external pollution sources are effectively controlled, the pollutants in...

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Problems solved by technology

The mass balance algorithm is only applicable to lakes. The internal source load of the lake can be estimated by balancing all the inflow and outflow of the lake. This method can be used when there is no sediment release data, but the calculation error is relatively large for lakes with complex external sources. The internal source distribution in the lake area cannot be known; the pore water diffusion model method requires physical and chemical parameters of morphological ions, and the amount and vertical distribution of sediments and substances on the interface in solid-liquid, and the determination of the concentration of pollutants in pore water Usually, centrifugation, filtration, testing and other steps are required, and the operation is cumbersome; the surface sediment simulation method is difficult to ensure that the surface physical state of the original sediment is not damaged, and the analysis results can only be used as a reference; the columnar core sample simulation method can basically not destroy The shape of the ring sediment, but the volume of the system is usually not too large (generally less than 3L), which is prone to "wall effect"; the result of the field in situ observation method is the closest to the actual situation, but the environmental conditions cannot be changed, and the cost is high

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