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Double-functional lithium battery electrolyte additive and preparation method thereof

An electrolyte additive, lithium battery technology, applied in secondary batteries, chemical instruments and methods, circuits, etc., can solve problems such as poor compatibility, negative electrode compatibility needs to be improved, etc., to achieve good wettability, low synthesis cost, and improved The effect of compatibility

Inactive Publication Date: 2012-03-21
XIAMEN UNIV
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Problems solved by technology

This type of phosphate (sub) ester electrolyte has the characteristics of low price, non-combustibility, low toxicity, high electrical conductivity, and good electrochemical stability. However, this type of organic phosphorus compound has poor compatibility with graphite carbon negative electrodes and needs Further improve
Chinese patent CN10193808A reports a flame retardant containing alkynyl phosphate, which has good electrochemical performance, but the compatibility with the negative electrode still needs to be improved

Method used

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  • Double-functional lithium battery electrolyte additive and preparation method thereof
  • Double-functional lithium battery electrolyte additive and preparation method thereof
  • Double-functional lithium battery electrolyte additive and preparation method thereof

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0046] DMAP synthesis method

[0047] Add 50mL of dry toluene into a 250mL three-necked flask, then add 12.4g (100mmol) of trimethyl phosphite, stir evenly, add 14.5g (100mmol) of 3-bromopropene, heat and reflux overnight, remove the solvent toluene, and then Distilled under reduced pressure to obtain 12.3 g of pure product with a yield of 82%. Using ESI-MS, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and 31 The product was characterized by P NMR, and the result confirmed that it was the target product. Data are as follows:

[0048] 1 H NMR (CDCl 3 , 400MHz): δ5.77-5.65(m, 1H), 5.20-5.11(m, 2H), 3.67(d, J=10.8Hz, 6H), 2.55(ddt, J H-P =22.0Hz, J=7.4Hz, J=1.3Hz, 2H). 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 , 100MHz): δ127.1(d, J C-P =11.3Hz), 120.1(d, J C-P =14.4Hz), 52.6(d, J C-P =6.7Hz), 31.2(d, J C-P =139.5Hz). 31 P NMR (CDCl 3 , 162MHz): δ28.66.ESI-MS: m / z=151[M+H] + ;173[M+Na] + .

Embodiment 2

[0050] DEAP synthesis method

[0051] After mixing 6.66g (55mmol) of 3-bromopropene and 8.3g (50mmol) of triethyl phosphite, the oil bath was heated to 160°C, reacted overnight, and distilled under reduced pressure to obtain 8.2g of pure product with a yield of 92%. The product was characterized by ESI-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 31P NMR, and the results confirmed that it was the target product. Data are as follows:

[0052] 1 H NMR (CDCl 3 , 400MHz): δ5.82-5.70(m, 1H), 5.22-5.13(m, 2H), 4.12-4.01(m, 4H)), 2.58(ddt, J H-P =22.0Hz, J=7.4Hz, J=1.3Hz, 2H), 1.28(t, J=7.1Hz, 6H). 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 , 100MHz): δ127.5(d, J C-P = 11.3Hz), 119.9(d, J C-P =14.5Hz), 61.8(d, J C-P =6.6Hz), 31.7(d, J C-P =139.4Hz), 16.4(d,J C-P =6.0Hz). 31 P NMR (CDCl 3 , 162MHz): δ29.67.ESI-MS: m / z=179[M+H] + ;201[M+Na] + .

[0053] The alkenyl phosphate compounds prepared in Examples 1 and 2 can be directly used as flame retardant additives or co-solvents for lithium-ion battery electrolytes.

Embodiment 3

[0055] The alkenyl phosphate flame retardant in this example is a phosphorus-containing organic compound with the following structural formula:

[0056]

[0057] That is, R1 and R2 in the general formula are methyl, R3 is allyl, and the above compound is named Dimethyl acrylicphosphonate, DMAP for short.

[0058] The above-mentioned alkenyl-containing phosphate is added to a commercial lithium-ion battery electrolyte, and the composition of the commercial lithium-ion battery electrolyte is 1 mol / L LiPF6 EC:DMC (50:50, v:v%) solution. The contents of the flame retardant are 2.5v%, 5v%, 10v%, and 20v%, and an appropriate amount of LiPF6 is added to the electrolyte so that the LiPF6 concentration of the electrolyte is still 1mol / L, and four kinds of electrolytes containing flame retardants are obtained , respectively named 2.5% DMAP, 5% DMAP, 10% DMAP, 20% DMAP.

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Abstract

The present invention provides a double-functional lithium battery electrolyte additive and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the lithium battery electrolyte. The present invention provides the double-functional lithium battery electrolyte additive and the preparation method thereof, wherein the double-functional lithium battery electrolyte additive has a flame retardant performance, even a totally non-combustible characteristic. The double-functional lithium battery electrolyte additive is alkenyl phosphate. Phosphite trimester and alkenyl alkylogen are used as raw materials and react in organic solvent for preparing the double-functional lithium battery electrolyte additive. The double-functional lithium battery electrolyte additive and the routine lithium ion battery electrolyte can form the lithium ion battery electrolyte with double functions. The double-functional lithium battery electrolyte additive belongs to a double-functional additive and has the advantages of: higher phosphorus content and better flame retardation effect, wherein the existence of double bonds causes prior film forming of the double-functional lithium battery electrolyte additive in a discharging process. Compatibility between the electrolyte and a cathode is improved, and thermal stability of the cathode SEI layer is obtained.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a lithium battery electrolyte, in particular to a lithium battery electrolyte containing an alkenyl phosphate additive and a preparation method thereof. Background technique [0002] Since the introduction of lithium-ion batteries in the 1990s, they have been widely used due to their high specific energy, high energy density, small self-discharge, long cycle life, and low environmental pollution. At present, they are actively developing Its application in the power supply of hybrid electric vehicles and pure electric vehicles. However, the safety issue of lithium-ion batteries has become one of the important factors restricting its development and application. The safety problems of lithium-ion batteries are mainly due to the use of flammable organic electrolytes, the strong oxidation of positive electrode materials during charging, and a large amount of heat release. Under abuse, there are safety hazards such as fire and expl...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M10/0567C07F9/40
CPCY02E60/12Y02E60/10
Inventor 杨勇赵玉芬高玉兴曹霞高军李秀斌许鹏翔
Owner XIAMEN UNIV
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