Combustible material plasma high-temperature gasification technique and equipment thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a combustible material plasma high-temperature gasification technique and equipment thereof. The technique comprises the following steps: firstly, laying a coke bed layer at the bottom part of a gasification furnace; secondly, putting the combustible material, a fluxing agent and an extra coke on the coke bed layer continuously to form a fuel bed layer; then injecting a primary oxidizing agent, starting a first-stage plasma torch to generate high temperature and high heat, forming a fusing zone at the joint of the coke bed layer and the fuel bed layer, forming a gasifying zone above the fusion zone, gasifying the combustible material to generate crude synthesis gas, and discharging the generated fused slag from the bottom part of the gasification furnace; then introducing the crude synthesis gas into a gas-solid separator for removing impurities to obtain purified synthesis gas; and finally introducing the purified synthesis gas into a detarrer, injecting a secondary oxidizing agent, starting a second-stage plasma torch to generate high temperature and high heat, cracking residual tar therein to obtain fined synthesis gas. The equipment mainly comprises three parts, namely the gasification furnace, the gas-solid separator and the detarrer. The fuel has good adaptability, high gasification efficiency, few tar content in the synthesis gas and high activeingredient.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a technology for high-temperature gasification treatment of combustible materials, in particular to a combustible material plasma high-temperature gasification process and its equipment. technical background [0002] With the natural growth of the population and the continuous development of the economy, the conventional high-quality fossil fuels as the main source of energy are rapidly decreasing, resulting in long-term and huge energy demand and supply pressure in my country and the world. Facing the general trend of global integration, my country's high energy consumption and low energy efficiency economy will face the severe test of how to survive and develop in the international competition. Regarding the utilization of combustible raw materials such as coal, biomass, and municipal solid waste (MSW), energy conservation and consumption reduction have become one of the most important and effective means to promote the susta...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, the test results are not satisfactory, the carbon conversion rate is low, the gasification efficiency is low, and the effective components of the syngas (CO+H 2 ) ratio, low and unstable syngas calorific value, high tar content and other defects are very prominent

[0005] The reason is, on the one hand, that the existing fixed-bed or fluidized-bed gasifiers have poor adaptability to fuels, and one gasifier can only adapt to one kind of fuel, which leads to the stability of its operation. Poor, low carbon conversion

On the other hand, because the composition and calorific value of biomass and municipal solid waste (MSW) are extremely unstable with changes in natural factors such as collection channels, seasons, and climate, the requirements for the control of various parameters in the gasification process are also very high. However, the gasification temperature of existing fixed bed or fluidized bed gasifiers is generally between 800 and 1200 °C, the outlet temperature of synthesis gas is generally between 500 and 800 °C, and the highest outlet temperature will not exceed 1000 °C ℃, and the low calorific value fuel in this temperature range will produce a large amount of tar, which is one of the most difficult products to purify in the gasification process. Excessive tar can cause pipeline blockage and equipment pollution, making it difficult for the equipment to operate continuously and stably. Subsequent industrial utilization of gas brings great difficulties

At the same time, due to the low temperature of slagging, only solid slagging can be used, and the carbon conversion rate of the gasifier is also low

Therefore, for the gasification of biomass and municipal solid waste (MSW), municipal sludge, low-quality coal, etc., there is no successful commercial application at home and abroad, especially the gasification of biomass fuel is still in the research and experimental stage

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