Self-unloading floating head isothermal reaction methanol synthesis reactor

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-unloading floating head isothermal reaction methanol synthesis reactor which comprises a high-pressure upper channel box, a low-pressure casing and a casing lower end enclosure which are welded as a whole. A gas inlet pipe penetrates through the high-pressure upper channel box to enter into the high-pressure upper channel box. The end of the gas inlet pipe is equipped with a gas distributer. An upper tube plate and a lower tube plate are respectively installed at the upper and lower sides in the low-pressure casing. A plurality of reaction tubes are installed between the upper tube plate and the lower tube plate. An internal high-pressure end enclosure is installed on the lower tube plate. A high-temperature gas eduction tube is welded at the bottom of the internal high-pressure end enclosure and extends outside the casing lower end enclosure. The upper tube plate is connected with the low-pressure casing fixedly. The lower tube plate is matched with the low-pressure casing by clearance that is equivalent to assemble the lower tube plate and the internal high-pressure enc enclosure as a floating head, and the floating head can move freely towards the low-pressure casing. The reaction tubes and the casing are not connected fixedly, and heat expansion is eliminated, so that the potential safety hazard that the welding line of the tube plates and the casing is ripped does not exist.

Description

Technical field: [0001] The invention belongs to the field of machinery, and in particular relates to a synthesis reactor used for strong exothermic isothermal reaction in chemical industry, petrochemical industry and other projects, especially a synthesis tower suitable for methanol synthesis reaction. Background technique: [0002] For the currently known strong exothermic isothermal reactions, shell-and-tube reactors are often used. Its basic structure is: two fixed tube sheets are arranged up and down in the reactor shell, and the reaction tube and shell are welded to the tube sheet at the same time; the catalyst is placed in the reaction tube, and the heat of reaction is removed by the boiling of water (or liquid) outside the tube. Due to the thermal expansion force between the reaction tube and the shell in this structure, the weld seam between the tube sheet and the shell is often cracked, which seriously threatens production and personal safety. [0003] In order to...

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Problems solved by technology

This not only makes the manufacturing cost of the equipment extremely high, but the equipment with the same production capacity is bulky due to the limitation of the length of the reaction tube, and affects the improvement of the conversion rate in the production process, reducing the energy-saving effect

[0004] In addition, when cleaning or replacing the synthetic tower with solid materials, how to unload the materials is a big problem, especially when the equipment contains toxic or harmful materials or the amount of materials in the equipment is large and the materials contained in the equipment are relatively large. When the space is extremely narrow, usually one is to use vacuum adsorption, and the other is to use manual methods. The former method is time-consuming, and the latter method is less efficient and safe.

[0005] In order to change this situation, it is necessary to use a detachable self-unloading device. In the current self-unloading device, a welding type is used, that is, the sealing part is separated each time and then welded when filling. This method is troublesome, and at the same time It is not feasible when the equipment contains flammable and explosive substances; the other form basically adopts a threaded structure or a bolted form. This structural form is relatively simple, but if the equipment is used in a high-temperature situation, the threaded structure will often bite to death

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