Multiscale brain electrode devices and methods for using the multiscale brain electrodes

a brain electrode and multi-scale technology, applied in the field of multi-scale electrodes, can solve the problems of significant challenge in recording and probing cortical gyri with optimal recording electrode, and achieve the effect of reducing seizure and saving tim

Inactive Publication Date: 2019-05-23
MAYO FOUND FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION & RES
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0016]Particular embodiments of the subject matter described in this document can be implemented to realize one or more of the following advantages. In some embodiments, by embedding isolated microelectrodes within macroelectrodes, current for stimulation can be provided via the macroelectrode(s) while responsive recordings of microscale EEGs can be captured by the microelectrodes. Such an arrangement can provide an advantageous means for capturing biomarkers (local field potential activity) that would otherwise go undetected, including microscale epileptiform spikes, sharpwaves, high frequency oscillations, focal slow oscillation, focal DC shifts, and micro-seizures. Moreover, in some such cases the macroscopic seizure loci responsible for generation of the patient habit...

Problems solved by technology

Recording and probing cortical gyri with an optimal recording electrode is currently a significant challenge.
Thus, the challenges of effectively probing the multiscale spatiotemporal dynamics of brain activity include the following issu...

Method used

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  • Multiscale brain electrode devices and methods for using the multiscale brain electrodes
  • Multiscale brain electrode devices and methods for using the multiscale brain electrodes
  • Multiscale brain electrode devices and methods for using the multiscale brain electrodes

Examples

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working example # 1 (

Working Example #1 (Chronic Subthreshold Cortical Stimulation to Treat Focal Epilepsy)

[0063]Introduction:

[0064]Approximately one to three in 1,000 people have focal drug resistant epilepsy (DRE). Epilepsy surgery is the most effective treatment but may not be feasible when seizures originate from critical cortical areas, i.e. eloquent cortex. Despite evidence for efficacy, current approaches to focal brain stimulation rarely yield seizure free outcomes. In this working example, 13 patients were treated with continuous subthreshold electrical cortical stimulation, which led to suppression of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and improvement in clinical seizures.

[0065]Methods:

[0066]Thirteen patients with focal DRE were deemed unsuitable for resective surgery following intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) monitoring with surgically implanted subdural grid and depth electrodes (see FIG. 5 showing steps of patient evaluation and treatment). Pre-stimulation monitoring was ty...

working example # 2 (

Working Example #2 (Multimodal Brain Mapping and Tracking)

[0071]Introduction:

[0072]Multimodal imaging of brain integrates complementary neurophysiological signals from multiple modalities at multiple scales to make classifications of tissue epileptogenicity. The modalities include, but are not limited to, SPECT, PET, MRI structure, and wide bandwidth multi-scale Electrophysiology. SPECT, PET, and multiscale continuous (days to week, from hundreds of channels, sampled at 32 kHz) local field potential (LFP) intracranial recordings from human subjects have been acquired using some embodiments of the multiscale brain electrodes described above.

[0073]This example in conjunction with the other disclosure provided herein encompasses at least the following innovative concepts:

[0074]1) A database of normal SPECT, PET, and LFP data from specific brain structures (Frontal, Temporal, sub-Temporal, medial temporal Parietal, Occipital) and specific functional regions (motor, sensory, language).

[0...

working example # 3 (

Working Example #3 (Microseizure Detection and HFO Detection)

[0113]Introduction:

[0114]This example includes methods for: 1) labeling microdomain epileptiform events called microseizures and HFO in large-scale EEG records, and 2) automated labeling brain tissue as epileptic and identifying the ictal onset zone (IOZ), i.e the brain regions generating spontaneous seizures, based on spatial maps of microseizure and HFO density.

[0115]High frequency oscillations (HFOs) are emerging as a promising biomarker of epileptogenic tissue. HFOs are spontaneous EEG transients with frequencies traditionally considered to range from 60 to 600 Hz with 4<=cycles <50 that stand out from the background as discrete electrographic events. HFOs are usually divided into subgroups of high γ (60-80 Hz), ripple (80-250) and fast ripple (250-600) bands (Bragin et al. 1999).

[0116]Video-EEG (v-EEG) monitoring has long been a cornerstone in the evaluation of patients with seizure disorders. Generally, the primary g...

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Abstract

Multiscale brain electrodes can be used for spatiotemporal mapping, probing, and therapeutic modulation of the human brain. The applications for such functional mapping and electrical stimulation modulation span, for example, neurological and psychiatric diseases, and brain rehabilitation.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62 / 334,843, filed May 11, 2016. The disclosure of the prior application is considered part of (and is incorporated by reference in) the disclosure of this application.STATEMENT AS TO FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH[0002]This invention was made with government support under NS095495, NS092882, and NS078136 awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The government has certain rights in the invention.BACKGROUND1. Technical Field[0003]This document relates to multiscale electrodes for spatiotemporal mapping, probing, and therapeutic modulation of the human brain.2. Background Information[0004]To effectively deliver electrical stimulation to probe and record the response of normal and pathological brain at the scales of single neurons, neuronal assemblies, local field potentials, and macroscopic EEG, the electrode surface area must be such that current can be safely d...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): A61B5/0478A61B5/00
CPCA61B5/0478A61B5/0006A61B5/4094A61B5/4064A61B5/6868A61B5/7264A61B5/053A61B5/7257A61B5/7282A61B2562/04A61B5/726A61B5/4836A61B5/055G16H50/20A61B5/291
Inventor BRINKMANN, BENJAMIN H.STEAD, SQUIRE M.WORRELL, GREGORY A.
Owner MAYO FOUND FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION & RES
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