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Method for isolating cellulose from a biomass and products provided therefrom

a technology of biomass and isolating components, which is applied in the field of isolating components of biomass, can solve problems such as problems such as problems in using cellulose as a feedstock

Inactive Publication Date: 2015-06-04
MITCHELL MELVIN
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The present invention provides a process for isolating cellulose from biomass without denaturing or degrading it. This is achieved by avoiding high temperature, pressure, chemical conditions, and other factors that can damage the cellulose. The resulting cellulose is in a form that is particularly suitable for further processing.

Problems solved by technology

Using cellulose as a feedstock can be problematic if the cellulose has been denaturated and / or degraded due to harsh conditions such as high temperature, high pressure chemical exposure, high acidic conditions and / or high basic conditions.

Method used

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  • Method for isolating cellulose from a biomass and products provided therefrom
  • Method for isolating cellulose from a biomass and products provided therefrom
  • Method for isolating cellulose from a biomass and products provided therefrom

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

example 1

Wheat Grass

[0060]10 Kg of dried wheat grass (straw) is chopped to a stalk length of ¾ to 2 inches. The straw was briefly rinsed with cold clean water to remove sand and dirt. The wheat straw is then subjected to water or steam injection into a disk mill for a few seconds to mechanically disassemble the cellulosic structure. The fluidized wheat grass is then subjected to high shear forces for 1.5 to 3 seconds with pulses of 1824 to 912 times without denaturing and / or degrading the components of the wheat straw. The combined mixture is subjected to compressive forces to separate the stream into liquid and a 20-60% cellulosic solids fractions. The liquid fraction containing hemicellulose is retained.

[0061]The solid fraction is pretreated with NaOH sufficient to raise the pH of the cellulosic water slurry from about 4-7 to 10-12. This basic mixture is allowed to age from a few seconds to 1 hour and again processed through the system starting at the disk mill which is subjected to water ...

example 2

[0063]423 grams of dry switch grass is steam activated to rehydrate at about 25 to 50 percent water in a single disk refiner to provide the switch grass in a fluidized or flowable condition. Naturally occurring carboxylic acids (acetic acid and formic acid) with the switch grass lower the pH to below 3. The hydrated / activated switch grass is subjected to compressive force to separate a liquid high in hemicelluloses and a biomass high in cellulose and lignin. The hemicellulose / liquid is then subjected to a 1 to 5 kD ultrafiltration membrane to remove the acetic acid and formic acid as a permeate for reuse in the process.

[0064]The biomass is then subjected to high frequency pulses and shear forces without denaturing and / or degrading the lignin using the Green Extraction Technology fractionation apparatus described in U.S. application Ser. No. 14 / 454,833 filed on Aug. 8, 2014. The biomass is fractionated for about 15 to about 30 seconds at pulses of 912 to 1824 to provide a first fract...

example 3

[0067]423 grams of dry wheat straw is steam activated to rehydrate at about 25 to 50 percent water in a single disk refiner to provide the switch grass in a fluidized or flowable condition. Naturally occurring carboxylic acids (acetic acid and formic acid) within the wheat straw lower the pH to below 3. The hydrated / activated wheat straw is subjected to compressive force to separate a liquid high in hemicelluloses and a biomass high in cellulose and lignin. The hemicellulose / liquid is then subjected to a 1 to 5 kD ultrafiltration membrane to remove the acetic acid and formic acid as a permeate for reuse in the process.

[0068]The biomass is then subjected to high frequency pulses and shear forces without denaturing and / or degrading the lignin using the Green Extraction Technology fractionation apparatus described in U.S. application Ser. No. 14 / 454,833 filed on Aug. 8, 2014. The biomass is fractionated for about 15 to about 30 seconds at pulses of 912 to 1824 to provide a first fracti...

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Abstract

A pretreated biomass is subjected to high frequency pulses and shear forces without denaturing and / or degrading the individual components of the biomass. The biomass is then subjected to compressive force to separate a first liquid fraction from a first fractionated biomass. The first fractionated biomass may again then be subjected to the same high frequency pulses and shear forces as previously, particularly if there are hemicellulose and / or sugars still present in the first fractionated biomass. Compressive forces are used to separate a second liquid fraction from a second fractionated biomass. The second fractionated biomass is subjected to oxidation. The second fractioned biomass is then subjected to compressive forces to separate out one or more water insoluble components of the biomass in water soluble form and to provide cellulose that has not been denatured and / or degraded and has a lignin contact of less than 7 percent.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 14 / 454,972, filed Aug. 8, 2014, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61 / 864,853, filed Aug. 12, 2013, U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61 / 909,418, filed Nov. 27, 2013, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61 / 919,194, filed Dec. 20, 2013, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0002]The present invention relates to a process for isolating components of a biomass. Examples of fractions and extractives provided in the process include the extraction, isolation, and purification of lignin, cellulose, sugars, hemicellulose, fibers and / or extractives.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0003]Natural cellulosic feedstocks are typically referred to as “biomass.” Many types of biomass, including wood, paper, agricultural residues, herbaceous crops, and lignocellulosic ...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): D21C1/02D21C1/08D21H11/00
CPCD21C1/02D21C1/08D21H11/00C08H8/00D21C3/02D21C3/224C08H6/00C08B15/08C08B37/0057H01R13/6272H01R13/6273H01R13/6594H01R24/60H05K5/0069C08G63/06C08G63/912
Inventor MITCHELL, MELVIN
Owner MITCHELL MELVIN
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