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Polypeptide variants with altered effector function

a technology of effector function and polypeptide, which is applied in the field of polypeptide variants with altered effector function, can solve the problems of not removing foreign antigens, uneven distribution of variable domains of antibodies,

Inactive Publication Date: 2005-06-02
GENENTECH INC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The present invention provides a polypeptide variant that can better mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and bind to Fcγ receptors with better affinity than the parent polypeptide. This is achieved by making specific amino acid modifications in the Fc region of the polypeptide. The polypeptide variant can also have improved binding to FcγR and reduced binding to other molecules, such as complement components or immunoglobulin receptors. The amino acid modifications can be made at various positions in the Fc region, such as residues 256, 258, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 276, 278, 289, 293, 294, 295, 296, 301, 305, 306, 312, 315, 320, 322, 326, 330, 331, 333, 334, 337, or 439.

Problems solved by technology

However, the variability is not evenly distributed through the variable domains of antibodies.
While binding of an antibody to the requisite antigen has a neutralizing effect that might prevent the binding of a foreign antigen to its endogenous target (e.g. receptor or ligand), binding alone may not remove the foreign antigen.

Method used

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  • Polypeptide variants with altered effector function
  • Polypeptide variants with altered effector function
  • Polypeptide variants with altered effector function

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Low Affinity Receptor Binding Assay

[0313] This assay determines binding of an IgG Fc region to recombinant FcγRIIA, FcγRIIB and FcγRIIIA α subunits expressed as His6-glutathione S transferase (GST)-tagged fusion proteins. Since the affinity of the Fc region of IgG1 for the FcγRI is in the nanomolar range, the binding of IgG1 Fc variants can be measured by titrating monomeric IgG and measuring bound IgG with a polyclonal anti-IgG in a standard ELISA format (Example 2 below). The affinity of the other members of the FcγR family, i.e. FcγRIIA, FcγRIIB and FcγRIIIA for IgG is however in the micromolar range and binding of monomeric IgG1 for these receptors can not be reliably measured in an ELISA format.

[0314] The following assay utilizes Fc variants of recombinant anti-IgE E27 (FIGS. 4A and 4B) which, when mixed with human IgE at a 1:1 molar ratio, forms a stable hexamer consisting of three anti-IgE molecules and three IgE molecules. A recombinant chimeric form of IgE (chimeric IgE) ...

example 2

Identification of Unique C1q Binding Sites in a Human IgG Antibody

[0319] In the present study, mutations were identified in the CH2 domain of a human IgG1 antibody, “C2B8” (Reff et al., Blood 83:435 (1994)), that ablated binding of the antibody to C1q but did not alter the conformation of the antibody nor affect binding to each of the FcγRs. By alanine scanning mutagenesis, five variants in human IgG1 were identified, D270K, D270V, K322A P329A, and P331, that were non-lytic and had decreased binding to C1q. The data suggested that the core C1q binding sites in human IgG1 is different from that of murine IgG2b. In addition, K322A, P329A and P331A were found to bind normally to the CD20 antigen, and to four Fc receptors, FcγRI, FcγRII, FcγRIII and FcRn.

Materials and Methods

[0320] Construction of C2B8 Variants: The chimeric light and heavy chains of anti-CD20 antibody C2B8 (Reff et al., Blood 83:435 (1994)) subcloned separately into previously described PRK vectors (Gorman et al., D...

example 3

Variants with Improved C1q Binding

[0333] The following study shows that substitution of residues at positions K326, A327, E333 and K334 resulted in variants with at least about a 30% increase in binding to C1q when compared to the wild type antibody. This indicated K326, A327, E333 and K334 are potential sites for improving the efficacy of antibodies by way of the CDC pathway. The aim of this study was to improve CDC activity of an antibody by increasing binding to C1q. By site directed mutagenesis at K326 and E333, several variants with increased binding to C1q were constructed. The residues in order of increased binding at K326 are K<V<E<A<G<D<M<W, and the residues in order of increased binding at E333 are E<Q<D<V<G<A<S. Four variants, K326M, K326D, K326E and E333S were constructed with at least a two-fold increase in binding to C1q when compared to wild type. Variant K326W displayed about a five-fold increase in binding to C1q.

[0334] Variants of the wild type C2B8 antibody were...

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Abstract

The present invention concerns polypeptides comprising a variant Fc region. More particularly, the present invention concerns Fc region-containing polypeptides that have altered effector function as a consequence of one or more amino acid modifications in the Fc region thereof.

Description

[0001] This is a divisional application of divisional application Ser. No. 10 / 757,863 filed Jan. 15, 2004, which claims priority to non-provisional application Ser. No. 09 / 483,588 filed Jan. 14, 2000 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,737,056) claiming priority under 35 USC § 119 to provisional application No. 60 / 116,023 filed Jan. 15, 1999, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] 1. Field of the Invention [0003] The present invention concerns polypeptides comprising a variant Fc region. More particularly, the present invention concerns Fc region-containing polypeptides that have altered effector function as a consequence of one or more amino acid modifications in the Fc region thereof. [0004] 2. Description of Related Art [0005] Antibodies are proteins which exhibit binding specificity to a specific antigen. Native antibodies are usually heterotetrameric glycoproteins of about 150,000 daltons, composed of two identical light (L) cha...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C07K16/00C07K16/22C07K16/28C07K16/42
CPCA61K2039/505C07K16/4291C07K2317/732C07K2317/734C07K2319/00C07K2317/524C12N2799/022C07K16/28C07K16/2839C07K2317/71C07K16/2887C07K2319/30A61P35/00A61P35/02C07K16/18C07K2317/14C07K2317/21C07K2317/52C07K2317/92
Inventor PRESTA, LEONARD
Owner GENENTECH INC
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