Water and fertilizer integration special fertilizer for protected cultivation system, preparation method and application

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural and ecological environment and particularly relates to an integrated special fertilizer for facility cultivation system as well as a preparation method and an application of the integrated special fertilizer. The raw materials of the special fertilizer comprise an inorganic chemical fertilizer, a polyvinyl formal aqueous solution and soft open-cell foamed plastics, wherein the inorganic chemical fertilizer is one or more of urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride or potassium sulfate and medium trace elements. The integrated special fertilizer for facility cultivation system provided by the invention is a special solid concentrated fertilizer which is balanced in nutrients, slowly dissolved and coupled in water and fertilizer, and capable of improving the utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizers, the sustainable production capacity of the vegetable fields or cultivation media, and the yield and the quality of the vegetables.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the fields of agriculture and ecological environment, in particular to a special fertilizer for water and fertilizer integration in a protected cultivation system, a preparation method and an application thereof. Background technique [0002] my country's arable land resources are tight, and the arable land has approached the red line of 1.8 billion mu, and the pressure to increase grain production is increasing. The protected cultivation method has been widely used and promoted while ensuring sufficient "vegetable baskets" and not competing with grain production for land. Facility cultivation, especially vegetable cultivation in solar greenhouses has become an indispensable and important part of improving people's living standards, increasing agricultural efficiency, and increasing farmers' income in agricultural production in my country. [0003] The survey results of the utilization of fertilizer and water for vegetable cul...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0004] (1) Blindly increase the amount of irrigation water, resulting in waste of water resources

[0005] (2) Blindly increase the amount of fertilization (chemical fertilizers are mostly soluble fertilizers and some flushing fertilization), the proportion of fertilization is out of balance, the ratio of N and P is high and the soil nutrients are unbalanced

As a result, the salinity in the soil is obviously accumulated, and the degree of salinization is obviously aggravated.

Moreover, the longer the planting period of the solar greenhouse, the more serious the accumulation of salt, resulting in the heterogeneity of the soil fertility of the vegetable field in the facility, the reduction of fertilizer utilization rate (the utilization rate of N is only about 25%), and the pollution of the soil environment.

[0006] (3) Empirical and blind fertilization, especially inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, deteriorates the physical and chemical properties of soil or cultivation substrate, increases the concentration of solution nutrients, and further aggravates the obstacles to continuous cropping of facility vegetables, soil microbial flora imbalance and secondary salinization. degree

Due to physiological barriers, continuous cropping barriers and secondary salinization, a large amount of nitrates accumulate in vegetables, resulting in a decline in the yield and quality of vegetables in facilities

[0007] (4) Increased use of pesticides and serious pollution of agricultural products

Due to the excessive irrigation, the humidity in the solar greenhouse increases, and the soil temperature is difficult to control, resulting in frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests, such as whitefly, aphids, downy mildew, viral diseases, etc.

In order to ensure that the production of vegetables will not be reduced due to the harm of diseases and insect pests, it is necessary to blindly increase the amount of pesticides, and even use highly toxic and high-residue medicines and pesticides banned by the country, which will not only lead to increased pesticide residues in soil and vegetables, but also endanger human health. Healthy body

[0008] (5) Blindly increase investment and reduce relative benefit

In the past, the integration of water and fertilizer faced the biggest problem: First, basic fertilizers belong to chemical salts, which are in a water-insoluble state of crystallization and precipitation. It accounts for more than 30% of the total nitrogen, while it is less than 1% in my country

The second is the low purity of agricultural chemical fertilizers and high water-insoluble impurities, which often cause the drip irrigation holes of the drip irrigation belt (pipe) to be blocked and destroy the entire drip irrigation system.

Restricted by a large amount of elemental water-soluble fertilizer raw materials and production methods, solid powdery water-soluble fertilizers are expensive, cannot be popularized on a large scale, and cannot meet the needs of the country to promote the integration of water and fertilizers, while ordinary compound (mixed) fertilizer potassium fertilizers mainly come from agricultural potassium chloride Or potassium sulfate, with low solubility and mechanical impurities, cannot meet the technical requirements of water and fertilizer integration in drip irrigation facilities