A method and device for cracking and reducing viscosity of salt-containing heavy oil collected and transported on the surface of an oil field

Abstract

The invention relates to a cracking viscosity reducing method and a device for oil field ground collected and conveyed salt-containing thick oil, which are characterized in that a mode of carrying out superficial heat cracking on the salt-containing thick oil through overheated steam is utilized, quantitative overheated steam is introduced into low water-containing thick oil, quantitative salt resistance catalysts are added, certain temperature and pressure are controlled in a tower, in a certain reaction time, the superficial cracking is carried out on the salt-containing thick oil, and the irreversible reduction of the viscosity is realized. The pressure of a modified thick oil cracking reaction device is 0.5MPa to 5.0MPa, the temperature is between 180 DEG C and 350 DEG C, the reaction time in the modified thick oil cracking reaction device is 0.5hr and 4.0hr, the mass parts of the introduced overheated steam are 5 percent to 20 percent (through being metered by raw oil), the mass parts of the added salt resistance catalysts are 0.01 percent to 1.0 percent (through being metered by raw oil, and the original thick oil density is greater than 0.9750g / cm<3>), the thick oil viscosity reducing cracking conversion rate is 15 percent to 30 percent, and the viscosity reducing rate is higher than 90 percent.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a cracking and viscosity-reducing method and device for gathering and transporting salt-containing heavy oil on the surface of an oil field, which solves the problems of heavy oil mixed with thinner, viscosity-reducing gathering and transport and pipeline transport without heating. Background technique [0002] The main difficulty in the development of heavy oil fields is the high viscosity of heavy oil. At present, the commonly used viscosity reduction methods are heating, thinning, or water for viscosity reduction. Thinning is an effective viscosity reduction method. However, it relies heavily on thin oil resources, and heavy oil fields often face the difficulty of insufficient thin oil resources. Catalytic cracking is a conventional crude oil processing technology, which can change the structure of crude oil and significantly reduce the viscosity of crude oil. However, because the water content of commercial crude oil in the...

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Problems solved by technology

[0002] The main difficulty in the development of heavy oil fields is the high viscosity of heavy oil. At present, the commonly used viscosity reduction methods are heating, thinning, or water for viscosity reduction. Thinning is an effective viscosity reduction method. However, it relies heavily on thin oil resources, and heavy oil fields often face the difficulty of insufficient thin oil resources

Catalytic cracking is a conventional crude oil processing technology, which can change the structure of crude oil and significantly reduce the viscosity of crude oil. However, because the water content of commercial crude oil in the oil field is about 0.5%-2%, the salt content cannot meet the requirements of catalytic cracking. Conditions are also unable to desalt crude oil

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