The invention relates to a
laser interference lithography system for fabricating a large-area
grating. The
system comprises a
laser, a reflector, a
beam splitter, a substrate stage and the like. A
laser beam emitted by the laser passes through the reflector and the
beam splitter to be split into two interference beams; the interference beams are reflected by the reflector to realize coherence on a substrate supported on the substrate stage; the interference pattern can realize pattern
record transfer by exposing the substrate; and the
system uses a pattern locking device based on null measurement principle to perform pattern
phase locking to prevent pattern drift during
exposure. The locking device comprises a null phase meter, an electronic
signal processing component, a controller, a driver and a
phase modulation executer, wherein the null phase meter is used for measuring pattern drift of the
grating; the pattern drift is fed back to the controller through the
signal processing component; and the controller controls the
phase modulation executer to realize
phase locking through the driver. The
laser interference lithography system provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, high pattern locking accuracy and the like, and is a key system for realizing large-area high-accuracy
grating fabrication.