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Application of american ginseng to enhance neurocognitive function

a neurocognitive function and asian ginseng technology, applied in the field of american ginseng to enhance neurocognitive function, can solve the problems of insufficient sample size, non-standardised treatment, and complicated dose response profile of asian ginseng, and achieve the effects of improving working memory performance, attention, and working memory

Inactive Publication Date: 2010-11-04
NATUREX INC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0011]Until now, the beneficial effects of American Ginseng on cognitive function have not been known. The present invention provides methods of using American Ginseng to enhance cognitive function—including, improvement of working memory, attention, and calmness, among others. The inventors have discovered that administering American Ginseng improves working memory (WM) performance: spatial span was improved by all doses at all testing times; other WM tasks were differentially improved by the 200 mg dose (with time- and task-specific benefits associated with other doses). Also, attentional performance (Choice Reaction Time accuracy) was significantly improved by 100 mg at all times and by 200 and 400 mg after 6 h. Furthermore, the 100 mg dose was associated with significantly enhanced “calmness” at 3 h and 6 h.

Problems solved by technology

The dose-response profile of Asian Ginseng is further complicated by variations in methods of assessment, age and dosage (Petkov et al.
However these data should be interpreted with caution as the above studies have been criticized on a number of methodological issues such as inadequate sample sizes, non-standardised treatments, and inadequate research designs and statistical analysis (see Bahrke, M. S. & Morgan, W. P. (1994) “Evaluation of the ergogenic properties of Ginseng,”Sports Med 18:229-248; Bahrke, M. S. & Morgan, W. P. (2000) “Evaluation of the ergogenic properties of Ginseng: an update,”Sports Med 298:113-133; Kennedy, D. O. et al.
However, studies assessing the psychogenic benefits of American Ginseng are rare.

Method used

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  • Application of american ginseng to enhance neurocognitive function
  • Application of american ginseng to enhance neurocognitive function

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

[0033]Administering American Ginseng served to improve Choice Reaction Time in the following situation.

[0034]Choice Reaction Time: The arrow pointing to the left or right was presented in the centre of the screen at irregular time intervals. The volunteer makes a response with ‘left’ and ‘right’ cursor buttons to arrows pointing to the left or right respectively as quickly as possible. Each of the 15 stimuli remained on screen until the key press was registered. The inter-stimulus interval randomly varying between 1 and 3 seconds. Outcomes were accuracy (% correct) and reaction time (ms).

[0035]Four Choice Reaction Time: A replica of the four direction arrow keys found at the bottom and to the right of the computer keyboard appeared on the screen. The participants were instructed to make a response as quickly and as accurately as possible with ‘left’, ‘right’, ‘up’ and ‘down’ cursor keys corresponding to the arrow being illuminated on the screen one at a time, pointing randomly to th...

example 2

[0037]Administering American Ginseng served to improve Immediate Word Recall in the following situation.

[0038]Word Presentation: Ten common English words appropriate for the age range of participants were drawn from http: / / www.math.vorku.ca / SCS / Online / paivio / . Words were matched for linguistic familiarity, concreteness and frequency and presented in sequence on the monitor for the participant to remember at the commencement of the battery. Stimulus duration was 1 s, as was the inter-stimulus interval.

[0039]Immediate word recall. The participant was allowed 60 s to write down as many of the retained words as possible. The task was scored for number of correct answers, errors and intrusions and the resulting score was converted into a percentage.

[0040]There was a significant Treatment×Time interaction [F(6,174=2.399, p=0.03)]. Comparisons of each dose at each time point revealed significant improvements associated with the 200 mg dose at all three time points. The were also significan...

example 3

[0041]Administering American Ginseng served to improve Numeric Working Memory speed in the following situation.

[0042]Numeric Working Memory: A series of five digits was presented on the computer screen sequentially for the participants to hold in their memory. This is followed by a series of 30 probe digits. The participants decided whether or not the digit was from the original series and indicated their choice by pressing corresponding keys labelled ‘YES’ and ‘NO’. This was repeated three further times with different stimuli sets. Reaction times (ms) and accuracy (% correct) were measured.

[0043]There was a significant main effect of Treatment for Numeric Working Memory speed. Comparisons of each dose at each time point revealed significant improvements associated with the 200 mg dose at all three time points. (p<0.05 in all cases).

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Abstract

Disclosed are methods of enhancing neurocognitive function by administering of American Ginseng. Preferred dosages in the range of 5 to 50 mg total genosides enhance cognitive function—including, improvement of working memory (WM) performance, attentional performance (e.g., Choice Reaction Time accuracy), and calmness.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]The present invention relates to the use of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) to increase neurocognitive function (for example, memory, attention, and calmness, among others).BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]The term “Ginseng” is generally used to refer to the species of the genus Panax of the family Araliaceae. Extracts of Asian Ginseng (Panax ginseng) have been used for millennia in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases, and have been also used as general health elixirs and performance enhancers (including in the neurocognitive area). There is a growing body of evidence to support Asian Ginseng as a cognitive enhancer. American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) is also in the family Araliaceae, although until now the cognition-enhancing properties of American Ginseng have not been known.[0003]Research evaluating behavioural effects of chronic administration of Asian Ginseng in animals has demonstrated at...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): A61K36/258A61P25/28
CPCA61K36/258A61P25/00A61P25/28
Inventor SCHOLEY, ANDREWIBARRA, ALVINHE, KANROLLER, MARCDIKANSKY, JACQUES
Owner NATUREX INC
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