Ultrafast laser processing method for specially-shaped air film hole of aero-engine flame tube

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultrafast laser processing method for a specially-shaped air film hole of an aero-engine flame tube. A laser processing system consisting of a five-axis translation table, four optical wedges, an ultrafast laser and a computer is included; the method is characterized in that a method for realizing rotary cutting through cooperation of a galvanometer processing head and the four optical wedges is adopted, and the five-axis translation table is used for adjusting the space posture of the flame tube so as to carry out ultrafast laser processing on the specially-shaped air film hole. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the method is high in precision, good in hole pattern, free of cracks, free of material selectivity and the like, achieves a good processing effect during processing of the specially-shaped air film hole of the aero-engine flame tube, is high in practicability, high in precision, reliable and efficient, can be used for processing micropores with the high depth-diameter ratio and the complex internal space structure, really solves the problem about how to process various specially-shaped air film holes of complex structures through simple and stable equipment, and has the application and popularization value in processing of the specially-shaped air film holes of the aero-engine flame tube.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ultrafast laser processing, in particular to a method for processing special-shaped gas film holes used in a flame cylinder of a civil aviation engine. Background technique [0002] Aeroengines rely on the high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the combustion chamber to drive the blades to rotate at high speed to generate huge power. For the current high-performance combustion chamber, the temperature generated by combustion is as high as 2400K. Even the most advanced single crystal material has a melting point of only 1500K, which is much lower than the temperature of the combustion center. Therefore, cooling technology must be used to cool the wall of the flame tube exposed to the high temperature gas side. At present, the film hole cooling technology is a relatively high-efficiency technology. The high-pressure cooling air flow passes through the gas film hole, forming a uniform cooling film prote...

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Problems solved by technology

[0004] Several laser processing methods in the prior art are only suitable for the processing of general special-shaped holes. In addition to the five-axis motion system, other rotating axes or electronic control equipment need to be added, which has the disadvantages of poor versatility, complicated equipment, and thick remelting layers. And low processing efficiency and other constraints

To process more than 10,000 special-shaped air film holes on the flame cylinder, it cannot simply use the cradle-type five-axis linkage method to process the special-shaped air film holes. The set azimuth and three-dimensional coordinates are positioned under the galvanometer processing head, but the five-axis machine tool is stable during the processing, and high-speed vibration will cause the thin-walled parts of the flame tube to deform. The second is that the cradle, turntable, and fixture are too heavy (The cradle with a turntable of 1000mm is usually more than 4 tons), the accuracy of high-speed vibration is very poor, and the hole shape and processing accuracy of special-shaped air film holes cannot be guaranteed

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