Preparation and application of palladium-ruthenium bimetallic nanocatalysts in hydrogenation

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a palladium-ruthenium dual-metal nanoparticle catalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) mixing a palladium salt and a ruthenium salt, and dissolving the mixture into water; 2) adding the mixed metal salt solution into a 0.1-1mol / L aqueous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and stirring at the room temperature for 0.5 to 5 hours, wherein the ratio of the mole number of PVP to the sum of mole numbers of the two metal salts is 5 to 40; 3) placing a mixed solution of the metal salts and the PVP into a microwave reactor, and reacting at the temperature of 100 to 200 DEG C for 0.5 to 3 hours. The invention further provides a catalyst prepared by the preparation method and an application thereof. A preparation process of the prepared PdRu BMNPs is simple and efficient, raw materials are environmentally-friendly, particles are distributed uniformly, and the particle size is 1.0 to 2.0nm. Compared with the conventional metal nanoparticle catalyst, the palladium-ruthenium dual-metal nanoparticle catalyst has the advantages that the cost is lowered greatly due to introduction of Ru, and a stable property is achieved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of catalysts, in particular to a catalyst containing palladium and ruthenium, and its preparation and application. Background technique [0002] Metal nanoparticles have small particle size, large specific surface area and high catalytic efficiency, so they are widely used in petrochemical, energy, coatings, biology and environmental protection and other fields. Commonly used hydrogenation catalysts include Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru, Ir, Os, and Ni, most of which are noble metals. However, it is well known that the reserves of noble metals are very limited, and Pt, Rh, and Pd are expensive. Therefore, how to maintain or even improve the catalytic activity of catalysts while reducing the amount of noble metals has become a future research trend in the field of catalysis. [0003] As early as 1926, Murray Raney had prepared nano-scale Raney Ni (NiAl nano-alloy). Raney Ni was mainly used as a catalyst in the field of catalytic hyd...

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Problems solved by technology

M.H.Tang prepared RuPd alloy nanoparticles by ultrasonic-assisted co-reduction method, and loaded them on carbon tubes doped with nitrogen to obtain RuPd / NC, which was used as a catalyst for catalytic hydrogenation of benzoic acid (BA). The results show that at 85°C and 0.1MPa H2, when the amount of catalyst is 50 mg, the conversion rate of RuPd / NC is 67% for catalytic hydrogenation of 0.5 mmol BA, while the conversion rates of Ru / CN and Pd / CN are respectively 9%, 38%, confirmed that the catalytic activity of RuPd / NC is much higher than Ru / CN, Pd / CN (Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2014,136(5):1864-1871.) There is only one study on the application of metal nanoparticles in the catalytic hydrogenation of macromolecules, and Y.Wang used the fourth-generation polypropylene imine (G4-M) as a carrier to load RhRu BMNPs with complex raw materials (Nano-Micro Letters, 2014,6(1):55-62.)

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