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Quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant and preparation method thereof

A technology of quaternary ammonium salt cations and surfactants, applied in botany equipment and methods, chemical instruments and methods, biocides, etc., can solve the problems of large residues in water, stimulating degradation, mechanical rust, etc., and achieve ecological Low toxicity, good degradability, high charge density effect

Inactive Publication Date: 2017-01-04
贯硕磉
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Due to the general long-term application of such products in production and life, especially in the aspect of bacteria and algae control, when solving specific problems such as water body bacteria control, bacteria often encounter resistance to this type of quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant. In addition, it is generally miscible with water, but it cannot form any proportion; and it has the disadvantage of making the machine rust, and the price is relatively expensive; they are irritating to the human body and have poor degradability, and the residual amount in the water is large, which can cause secondary pollution.

Method used

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  • Quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant and preparation method thereof
  • Quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant and preparation method thereof
  • Quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant and preparation method thereof

Examples

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preparation example Construction

[0027] The preparation method of this quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant is: (1) at T 1 =0~40℃, under normal pressure, slowly add dimethylamine and (C10~C18) linear alkyl tertiary amine dropwise into the mixture of 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, mix evenly to obtain a mixture liquid; among them, T 1 Preferably 10-30°C; straight-chain dimethylalkyl tertiary amine: 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropylene: dimethylamine = 1.0: 4.0-20.0: 3.01-20.01 (mole), preferably 1: 10:9.01~10.01 (mole); Linear dimethyl alkyl tertiary amine is preferably selected from dodecyl dimethyl tertiary amine, dodecyl tertiary amine dimethyl tertiary amine, tetradecyl tertiary amine dimethyl tertiary amine, ten One or more of hexa-tertiary amine dimethyl tertiary amine and octadecyl tertiary amine dimethyl tertiary amine, preferably dodecyl tertiary amine dimethyl tertiary amine and fourteen-tertiary amine dimethyl tertiary amine, ten The di-tertiary amine dimethyl tertiary amine accounts for 70 wt%, and th...

Embodiment 1

[0031] Embodiment 1: This quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant is produced by the following specific process.

[0032] Add 4.39mol of 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane into the reactor, turn on the stirring, lower the temperature to 10°C, start to add dropwise 4.43mol of 40wt% aqueous solution of dimethylamine, and dodecyl tertiary amine dimethyl tertiary Amine and tetradecyl tertiary amine dimethyl tertiary amine (dodecyl tertiary amine dimethyl tertiary amine 70wt%, tetradecyl tertiary amine dimethyl tertiary amine 30wt%) 0.439mol; After dropping, the temperature is raised to 80°C, and the constant temperature reaction is 4 Hours; turn on the vacuum pump, adjust the vacuum to about 0.1atm, raise the temperature to 95-100°C, add 100kg of water while distilling, until about 100kg of distillate is distilled, cool down, stop the vacuum; cool down to 60°C, take samples and measure the content by drying at room temperature. Adjust to 40wt% after adding water, obtain described surf...

Embodiment 2

[0034] Embodiment 2: This quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant is produced by the following specific process.

[0035] Add 4.39mol of 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane into the reactor, turn on the stirring, and start to drop a 40wt% aqueous solution of dimethylamine 3.96mol at 20°C, and dodecyl tertiary amine dimethyl tertiary amine and Fourteen tertiary amine dimethyl tertiary amine (dodecyl tertiary amine dimethyl tertiary amine 70wt%, fourteenth tertiary amine dimethyl tertiary amine 30wt%) 0.439mol; after dropping, the temperature was raised to 75°C, and the temperature was reacted for 4 hours; Turn on the vacuum pump, adjust the vacuum to about 0.1atm, raise the temperature to 90-95°C, add 100kg of water while distilling, until about 100kg of distillate is evaporated, lower the temperature, stop the vacuum; lower the temperature to 50°C, take a sample to measure the content, and add water to adjust to 40wt %, obtain the aqueous surfactant solution; measure the aqueous su...

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Abstract

The invention discloses a quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a dimethylamine aqueous solution and linear chain dimethyl alkyl tertiary amine selected from 10 to 18 carbon atoms into 1-chlorine-2,3-epoxypropane, wherein the molar ratio of the linear chain dimethyl alkyl tertiary amine to the 1-chlorine-2,3-epoxypropane to the dimethylamine is 1.0:(4.0 to 20.0):(3.01 to 20.01); heating to 70 to 90 DEG C and reacting; and finally removing non-reacted materials to obtain the surfactant. The method does not need high pressure and high temperature and avoids three wastes, so the method has the characteristics of environmental friendliness, and safe and simple process. The cationic surfactant obtained by the method has low ecotoxicity, no irritation to a human body and good water solubility, has high charge density, has cleaning, foaming, sterilizing, algae-control, anti-static and anti-fog functions, particularly embodies good cost performance on space disinfection and water sterilization, and has the characteristics that the surfactant is non-toxic and harmless to a human body, is easy to decompose and has good anti-fog and anti-static effects.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a surfactant and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant and a preparation method thereof. Background technique [0002] At present, cationic surfactants are generally prepared by reacting tertiary amines with alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons, dimethyl sulfate and other hydrocarbylating agents. Among them, the quaternary ammonium salt type cationic surfactant has high output and wide application. Quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants have good water solubility, and their bacteriostasis and affinity for hard surface adsorption are outstanding. They are both acid and alkali resistant and most of them have bactericidal effects. Since the surface of most fibers is negatively charged, quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants can neutralize the charge, so they have a good antistatic effect; they can form a hydrophobic oil film on the surface of the fiber, reducing ...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): C08G73/02B01F17/18A01N33/12A01P1/00A01P3/00C09K23/18
CPCA01N33/12C08G73/0226C09K23/16
Inventor 贯硕磉
Owner 贯硕磉
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