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Methods for treating and preventing insulin resistance and related disorders

a technology for applied in the field of methods for treating and preventing insulin resistance and related disorders, can solve the problems of untimely death, untimely death, and significant personal and financial costs of patients and their families, and achieve the effects of preventing or treating the disease or condition in the individual, reducing lipolysis, and increasing the level of ffa and/or glycerol

Inactive Publication Date: 2006-01-26
GREENBERG ANDREW S
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Diabetes is one of the most prevalent chronic worldwide disease with significant personal and financial costs to patients and their families, as well as for society.
One third of all visits to physicians are occasioned by this disease and its complications, and diabetes and its complications are a leading cause of untimely death in the United States and in the Western world.
Diabetes adversely affects the way the body uses sugars and starches which, during digestion, are converted into glucose.
The cumulative effect of these diabetes-associated abnormalities is severe blood vessel and nerve damage.
Untreated NIDDM can result in mortality due to cardiovascular disease and in other diabetic complications including retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy.
However, the effect of these compounds with insulin resistance-reducing activity on decreasing blood glucose or lipids is not sufficient.

Method used

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  • Methods for treating and preventing insulin resistance and related disorders
  • Methods for treating and preventing insulin resistance and related disorders
  • Methods for treating and preventing insulin resistance and related disorders

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Sodium Salicylate and the PPAR-γ Agonists BRL and PGJ2 Each Block TNF-α Induced Lipolysis

[0207] This example demonstrates that salicylic acid, as well as the PPAR-γ agonists BRL and PGJ2 are capable of blocking TNF-α induced lipolysis.

[0208] 3T3-L1 adipocytes used in this example were obtained from 3T3-L1 fibroblasts as follows. 3T3-L1 fibroblasts (ATCC Deposit NO. CL-173, described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,003,789) were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) containing 10% bovine calf serum, and induced to differentiate into adipocytes using standard protocols, as described, e.g., in Kohanski et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 261:12272. Adipocytes were used 10-15 days after the differentiation protocol was initiated.

[0209] Differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes cultured in 12 well plates were incubated overnight in DMEM+0.5% BSA in the absence of serum. The following morning, the cells were incubated in the presence or absence of 2 mM or 20 mM sodium salicylate (NaSal) and treated...

example 2

NaSal Inhibits TNF-α Induced JNK-1 Activation in Adipocytes

[0218] This example shows that NaSal inhibits JNK-1 activation by TNF-α in adipocytes.

[0219] 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pretreated for 3 hours with or without 20 mM NaSal, with or without 100 μM MAP kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059 (Biomol; Cat. No. EI-360) and then for 15 minutes with 10 ng / ml mTNF-α. JNK-1 kinase assays were then performed with extracts of each of these cell cultures on an N-terminal portion of c-jun, as described in Derjarde et al. (1994) Cell 76: 1025.

[0220] The results are shown in FIG. 2. The results indicate that TNF-α induces activation of JNK-1 and this activation is significantly reduced by NaSal, but not by the MAK kinase inhibitor PD98059.

[0221] Thus, since NaSal inhibits TNF-α induced lipolysis and NaSal significantly reduces JNK-1 activation, JNK-1 activation is likely to play a significant role in blocking lipolysis induced by TNF-α.

example 3

NaSal Partially Inhibits TNF-α Induced MAP Kinase Activation

[0222] This example shows that, similarly to JNK-1 activation by TNF-α, activation of MAP kinases by TNF-α is also inihibited by NaSal.

[0223] In this example, 3T3-L1 cells were treated as described in Example 2, and cell extracts were used in an ERK 1 / 2 kinase assay, using MBP (myelin basic protein) as a substrate. The assay used is described in Boulton et al. (1991) Cell Reg. 2: 357.

[0224] The results, which are shown in FIG. 3, show that TNF-α significantly increases ERK112 activation, as shown by the seven fold increase in phosphorylation of the MBP substrate used in the assay. As expected, the MAP kinase inhibitor inhibited ERK1 / 2 activation, as shown by the fact that MBP phosphorylation was increased only by a factor of less than two in the presence of TNF-α and PD98059. ERK1 / 2 activation was also inhibited by about two fold by NaSal.

[0225] Thus, ERK1 / 2 activation by TNF-α is also inhibited by NaSal, as is JNK-1, i...

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Abstract

The invention provides methods, therapeutics and kits for treating and preventing diseases or conditions associated with excessive lipolysis, in particular TNF-α induced lipolysis, and / or excessive free fatty acid levels. Exemplary conditions include insulin-resistance, diabetes, in particular NIDDM, obesity, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, and coronary artery disease. In a preferred embodiment, the method includes administering to a subject in need a pharmaceutically effective amount of an inhibitor of the JNK signal transduction pathway and / or an inhibitor of the MAPK / ERK signal transduction pathway.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is a continuation-in part application of International Application No. PCT / US99 / 08364, filed Apr. 16, 1999, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 082,152, filed Apr. 17, 1998 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60 / 082,741, filed Apr. 23, 1998, the contents of which are specifically incorporated herein by reference.STATEMENT OF RIGHTS [0002] This invention was made with government support under 58-1950-9-001 awarded by the United States Department of Agriculture. The government has certain rights in the invention.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] Diabetes is one of the most prevalent chronic worldwide disease with significant personal and financial costs to patients and their families, as well as for society. Diabetes can strike suddenly or lie undiagnosed for years while attacking the blood vessels and nerves. Diabetics, as a group, are far more often afflicted with blindness, heart disease, ...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K48/00A61K31/202C12Q1/00G01N33/92
CPCG01N33/92
Inventor GREENBERG, ANDREW S.
Owner GREENBERG ANDREW S
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