Compositions containing bacteriophages and method of using bacteriophages to treat infections

Abstract

Purified, host-specific, non-toxic, wide host range and virulent bacteriophage preparations that are effective in killing bacterial organisms in vivo are disclosed. Also disclosed are compositions containing these bacteriophages, methods of making the bacteriophage preparations and methods of treating bacterial infections using the compositions. Methods of treating bacterial infections using the compositions containing the bacteriophages in combination with conventional antibiotics also are disclosed.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] 1. Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates to the use of bacteriophages to treat infectious diseases whereby the host-specific, wide host-range bacteriophages are present, in purified form, in non-toxic sufficiently virulent compositions that can be administered to patients or mammals in need thereof. The bacteriophages are useful in treating infections due to bacterial microorganisms by killing a sufficient quantity of the bacterial microorganisms or by rendering the bacterial microorganisms more susceptible to other chemotherapeutic antibiotics. [0003] 2. Description of Related Art [0004] Bacteriophages (phages) are a heterogeneous group of viruses that infect bacteria that were first discovered in the early part of the 20th century. d'Herelle, F., The bacteriophage. Its role in immunity, translated by Smith, G. H., Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore (1922). Bacteriophages presently are widely used in scientific research, such ...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0011] It is therefore an object of the present invention to develop new and useful phage therapeutics which can be used to treat infectious disorders caused by bacterial microorganism infections. Another object of the invention is to provide a bacteriophage preparation that is virulent, non-toxic and host-specific. It is an additional object of the present invention to provide a method of screening effective phage therapeutics that is efficient and economically feasible. It is a further object of the present invention to provide new and useful phage therapeutics that can be used in combination with antibiotics to treat infectious disorders. It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a method of treatment using phage therapeutics in novel vehicle preparations for treating animal infections caused by microorganisms.

[0013] In accordance with an additional object of the present invention, there is provided a method of screening efficacious phage therapeutics by selecting phages that are more virulent and more adaptable in vivo thereby rendering them more capable of survival in vivo and more capable of infecting and killing bacteria. In accordance with this object of the present invention, bacteriophages can be selected which: (i) have a higher frequency per unit volume of foci of bacterial killing (plaque forming units per volume); (ii) have a higher frequency per unit volume of foci of bacterial killing with a smaller volume of phage preparations; and (iii) are capable of killing a wider range of host bacteria from a wider range of different isolated cultures of a given bacteria, i.e., a wide host range. Other techniques useful for selecting bacteriophage include selecting those that: (i) are resistant to exposure to high temperatures or drying; (ii) are resistant to exposure to lytic agents or mutator hosts; (iii) survive for a period of time greater than 24 hours under normal or abnormal conditions; (iv) are resistant to heat shock; and / or (v) are resistant to ionic variation including drying, overhydration or extremes of individual ionic concentrations.

Problems solved by technology

None of these potential experimental therapeutic uses has resulted in the formulation of an efficacious bacteriophage preparation, i.e., one that is sufficiently virulent, non-toxic, host-specific, and with wide enough host range to be of practical use.

The notion of phage therapeutics has not resulted in practical usage because: (i) efficacy has been marginal or non-existent; (ii) toxic side effects of phage therapy have been unacceptable; (iii) better alternatives such as conventional chemical antibiotics have existed; (iv) conventional bacteriophage preparations are contaminated with debris from bacterial lysis which typically contain toxins; (v) an antibody response to the bacteria can be initiated upon introduction of the phage; and (v) phage preparations do not arrive at the target site because they are removed too fast from the body once injected or ingested.

Thus, with respect to phage therapeutics in the use of ameliorating or treating specific animal infections, there is no currently known practical workable concept or method.

Ostensibly, therefore, there is practically no known specifically useful phage therapeutic or composition of matter containing a phage therapeutic.

Despite the recognized value and importance of new antimicrobial therapies, the potential of phage therapy has not been accomplished in any practical sense that is used in modern therapeutics, nor have methods, compositions, or other uses been defined for nontoxic and efficacious therapies of this type with practical and effective delivery.

It is believed that conventional, or wild-type phage preparations are: (i) incapable of surviving for sufficient periods of time in vivo; (ii) impure in that they contain various strains of bacteriophage including mutated phage and the like which are not virulent to the respective bacterial microorganism, as well as a host of bacterial impurities; (iii) toxic; and (iv) not host-specific in that they do not tend to migrate primarily to the bacterial infections.

The use of this serial passage method in ascertaining efficacious bacteriophage, however, is extremely costly and time consuming to develop and it is of unknown usefulness in the majority of infections.

Furthermore, a longer circulating bacteriophage is not precluded from being less virulent and therefore ineffective as a potential or theoretical treatment.

This method of developing bacteriophage preparations therefore is undesirable, and the selection criteria utilized likely will not yield a virulent, non-toxic host-specific bacteriophage preparation.

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